GCP Compute Engine

Implante, gerencie e escale máquinas virtuais do Compute Engine na Google Cloud Platform.

Quando Usar

• Implantar servidores web, backends de aplicativos ou cargas de trabalho de processamento em lote no GCP
• Executar cargas de trabalho que precisam de controle total no nível do sistema operacional (diferente do Cloud Run ou App Engine)
• Criar grupos de instâncias gerenciadas para auto-recuperação e auto-escalonamento atrás de um balanceador de carga
• Provisionar VMs com GPUs anexadas para treinamento de ML ou pipelines de renderização
• Otimizar custos de cargas de trabalho não críticas com VMs preemptíveis ou spot

Pré-requisitos

• Google Cloud SDK (gcloud) instalado e autenticado
• Um projeto GCP com a API Compute Engine ativada
• Papel IAM roles/compute.admin ou papéis com escopo para gerenciamento de instâncias

gcloud auth list
gcloud config set project $PROJECT_ID
gcloud services enable compute.googleapis.com

Referência de Tipos de Máquina

# List machine types available in a zone
gcloud compute machine-types list --zones=us-central1-a --filter="name~'e2-'"

# Create a custom machine type (6 vCPUs, 24 GB RAM)
gcloud compute instances create custom-vm \
  --custom-cpu=6 --custom-memory=24GB \
  --zone=us-central1-a \
  --image-family=debian-12 --image-project=debian-cloud

Criar uma Instância

# Production instance with shielded VM and startup script
gcloud compute instances create web-server \
  --machine-type=e2-medium \
  --zone=us-central1-a \
  --image-family=debian-12 \
  --image-project=debian-cloud \
  --boot-disk-size=20GB \
  --boot-disk-type=pd-balanced \
  --tags=http-server,https-server \
  --labels=env=production,team=backend \
  --metadata=enable-oslogin=TRUE \
  --shielded-secure-boot \
  --shielded-vtpm \
  --shielded-integrity-monitoring

# Instance with a startup script and service account
gcloud compute instances create app-server \
  --machine-type=e2-standard-2 \
  --zone=us-central1-a \
  --image-family=ubuntu-2204-lts \
  --image-project=ubuntu-os-cloud \
  --boot-disk-size=50GB \
  --metadata-from-file=startup-script=startup.sh \
  --service-account=app-sa@${PROJECT_ID}.iam.gserviceaccount.com \
  --scopes=cloud-platform

# Instance with an additional data disk
gcloud compute instances create db-server \
  --machine-type=n2-highmem-4 \
  --zone=us-central1-a \
  --image-family=debian-12 --image-project=debian-cloud \
  --boot-disk-size=20GB \
  --create-disk=name=data-disk,size=200GB,type=pd-ssd,auto-delete=no

Exemplo de Script de Inicialização

#!/bin/bash
# startup.sh - runs on first boot and every reboot
set -euo pipefail
apt-get update && apt-get install -y nginx
systemctl enable nginx && systemctl start nginx
curl -X PUT -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" \
  "http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/guest-attributes/startup/status" \
  -d "complete"

Modelos de Instância e Grupos de Instâncias Gerenciadas

# Create an instance template
gcloud compute instance-templates create web-template \
  --machine-type=e2-medium \
  --image-family=debian-12 --image-project=debian-cloud \
  --boot-disk-size=20GB --tags=http-server \
  --metadata-from-file=startup-script=startup.sh

# Create a regional managed instance group (MIG) with health check
gcloud compute health-checks create http http-health-check \
  --port=80 --request-path=/healthz \
  --check-interval=10s --timeout=5s \
  --healthy-threshold=2 --unhealthy-threshold=3

gcloud compute instance-groups managed create web-mig \
  --template=web-template --size=3 \
  --region=us-central1 \
  --health-check=http-health-check --initial-delay=120

# Configure autoscaling
gcloud compute instance-groups managed set-autoscaling web-mig \
  --region=us-central1 \
  --min-num-replicas=2 --max-num-replicas=10 \
  --target-cpu-utilization=0.65 --cool-down-period=90

# Rolling update to a new template
gcloud compute instance-groups managed rolling-action start-update web-mig \
  --version=template=web-template-v2 \
  --region=us-central1 --max-surge=3 --max-unavailable=0

VMs Preemptíveis e Spot

# VM Spot (recomendada em vez de preemptível legada)
gcloud compute instances create spot-worker \

…