Implementando Criptografia de Disco com BitLocker

Quando Usar

Use esta habilidade quando:

• Criptografar endpoints Windows para proteger dados em repouso para conformidade (PCI DSS, HIPAA, GDPR)
• Implantar o BitLocker em toda a frota corporativa via Intune, SCCM ou GPO
• Configurar criptografia baseada em TPM com PIN ou chave de inicialização USB para segurança aprimorada
• Gerenciar chaves de recuperação do BitLocker no Active Directory ou Azure AD

Não use esta habilidade para criptografia de disco Linux (use LUKS/dm-crypt) ou macOS (use FileVault).

Pré-requisitos

• Edição Windows 10/11 Pro, Enterprise ou Education
• Chip TPM 2.0 (recomendado; TPM 1.2 suportado com limitações)
• Firmware UEFI com Secure Boot ativado (recomendado)
• Partição de sistema separada (mínimo de 200 MB, criada automaticamente pelo instalador do Windows)
• Active Directory ou Azure AD para armazenamento de chaves de recuperação

Fluxo de Trabalho

Etapa 1: Verificar Requisitos de TPM e Sistema

# Check TPM status
Get-Tpm
# ManufacturerId, ManufacturerVersion, TpmPresent, TpmReady, TpmEnabled

# Check TPM version (2.0 required for best compatibility)
(Get-WmiObject -Namespace "root\cimv2\security\microsofttpm" -Class Win32_Tpm).SpecVersion

# Check UEFI/Secure Boot
Confirm-SecureBootUEFI
# Returns True if Secure Boot is enabled

# Check BitLocker readiness
$vol = Get-BitLockerVolume -MountPoint "C:"
$vol.VolumeStatus  # Should be "FullyDecrypted"
$vol.ProtectionStatus  # Should be "Off"

Etapa 2: Configurar Configurações de GPO do BitLocker

Computer Configuration → Administrative Templates → Windows Components → BitLocker Drive Encryption

Operating System Drives:
  - Require additional authentication at startup: Enabled
    - Allow BitLocker without compatible TPM: Disabled (enforce TPM)
    - Configure TPM startup: Allow TPM
    - Configure TPM startup PIN: Allow startup PIN with TPM
    - Configure TPM startup key: Allow startup key with TPM

  - Choose how BitLocker-protected OS drives can be recovered: Enabled
    - Allow data recovery agent: True
    - Configure storage of recovery information to AD DS: Enabled
    - Save recovery info to AD DS for OS drives: Store recovery passwords and key packages
    - Do not enable BitLocker until recovery information is stored: Enabled

  - Choose drive encryption method and cipher strength:
    - OS drives: XTS-AES 256-bit (Windows 10 1511+)
    - Fixed drives: XTS-AES 256-bit
    - Removable drives: AES-CBC 256-bit (for cross-platform compatibility)

Fixed Data Drives:
  - Choose how BitLocker-protected fixed drives can be recovered: Enabled
    - Store recovery passwords in AD DS: Enabled

Removable Data Drives:
  - Control use of BitLocker on removable drives: Enabled
  - Configure use of passwords for removable drives: Require complexity

Etapa 3: Habilitar BitLocker - Linha de Comando

# Enable BitLocker with TPM-only protector (transparent to user)
Enable-BitLocker -MountPoint "C:" -EncryptionMethod XtsAes256 `
  -TpmProtector -SkipHardwareTest

# Enable BitLocker with TPM + PIN (recommended for laptops)
$pin = ConvertTo-SecureString "123456" -AsPlainText -Force
Enable-BitLocker -MountPoint "C:" -EncryptionMethod XtsAes256 `
  -TpmAndPinProtector -Pin $pin

# Add recovery password protector
Add-BitLockerKeyProtector -MountPoint "C:" -RecoveryPasswordProtector

# Backup recovery key to Active Directory
Backup-BitLockerKeyProtector -MountPoint "C:" `
  -KeyProtectorId (Get-BitLockerVolume -MountPoint "C:").KeyProtector[1].KeyProtectorId

# Encrypt fixed data drives
Enable-BitLocker -MountPoint "D:" -EncryptionMethod XtsAes256 `
  -RecoveryPasswordProtector -AutoUnlockEnabled

Etapa 4: Implantar via Intune (Corporativo)

Intune → Endpoint Security → Disk encryption → Create Profile

Platform: Windows 10 and later
Profile: BitLocker

Settings:
  BitLocker base settings:
    - Encryption for operating system drives: Require
    - Encryption for fixed data drives: Require
    - Encryption for removable data drives: Require

  Operating system drive settings:
    - Additional authentication at startup: Require
    - TPM startup: Allowed
    - TPM startup PIN: Required (for high-security endpoints)
    - Encryption method: XTS-AES 256-bit
    - Recovery: Escrow to Azure AD

  Fixed drive settings:
    - Encryption method: XTS-AES 256-bit
    - Recovery: Escrow to Azure AD

  Assign to: All managed Windows devices (or specific groups)

Etapa 5: Gerenciar Chaves de Recuperação

# Visualizar chave de recuperação no sistema local

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