Padrões de NFT

Domine os padrões de NFT ERC-721 e ERC-1155, as melhores práticas de metadados e recursos avançados de NFT.

Quando Usar Esta Habilidade

• Criar coleções de NFT (arte, jogos, colecionáveis)
• Implementar funcionalidades de marketplace
• Construir metadados on-chain ou off-chain
• Criar tokens "soulbound" (não transferíveis)
• Implementar royalties e compartilhamento de receita
• Desenvolver NFTs dinâmicos/em evolução

ERC-721 (Padrão de Token Não Fungível)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721Enumerable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Counters.sol";

contract MyNFT is ERC721URIStorage, ERC721Enumerable, Ownable {
    using Counters for Counters.Counter;
    Counters.Counter private _tokenIds;

    uint256 public constant MAX_SUPPLY = 10000;
    uint256 public constant MINT_PRICE = 0.08 ether;
    uint256 public constant MAX_PER_MINT = 20;

    constructor() ERC721("MyNFT", "MNFT") {}

    function mint(uint256 quantity) external payable {
        require(quantity > 0 && quantity <= MAX_PER_MINT, "Invalid quantity");
        require(_tokenIds.current() + quantity <= MAX_SUPPLY, "Exceeds max supply");
        require(msg.value >= MINT_PRICE * quantity, "Insufficient payment");

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < quantity; i++) {
            _tokenIds.increment();
            uint256 newTokenId = _tokenIds.current();
            _safeMint(msg.sender, newTokenId);
            _setTokenURI(newTokenId, generateTokenURI(newTokenId));
        }
    }

    function generateTokenURI(uint256 tokenId) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        // Return IPFS URI or on-chain metadata
        return string(abi.encodePacked("ipfs://QmHash/", Strings.toString(tokenId), ".json"));
    }

    // Required overrides
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        uint256 batchSize
    ) internal override(ERC721, ERC721Enumerable) {
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, tokenId, batchSize);
    }

    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal override(ERC721, ERC721URIStorage) {
        super._burn(tokenId);
    }

    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view override(ERC721, ERC721URIStorage) returns (string memory) {
        return super.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
        public
        view
        override(ERC721, ERC721Enumerable)
        returns (bool)
    {
        return super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    function withdraw() external onlyOwner {
        payable(owner()).transfer(address(this).balance);
    }
}

ERC-1155 (Padrão Multi-Token)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC1155/ERC1155.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

contract GameItems is ERC1155, Ownable {
    uint256 public constant SWORD = 1;
    uint256 public constant SHIELD = 2;
    uint256 public constant POTION = 3;

    mapping(uint256 => uint256) public tokenSupply;
    mapping(uint256 => uint256) public maxSupply;

    constructor() ERC1155("ipfs://QmBaseHash/{id}.json") {
        maxSupply[SWORD] = 1000;
        maxSupply[SHIELD] = 500;
        maxSupply[POTION] = 10000;
    }

    function mint(
        address to,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 amount
    ) external onlyOwner {
        require(tokenSupply[id] + amount <= maxSupply[id], "Exceeds max supply");

        _mint(to, id, amount, "");
        tokenSupply[id] += amount;
    }

    function mintBatch(
        address to,
        uint256[] memory ids,
        uint256[] memory amounts
    ) external onlyOwner {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < ids.length; i++) {
            require(tokenSupply[ids[i]] + amounts[i] <= maxSupply[ids[i]], "Exceeds max supply");
            tokenSupply[ids[i]] += amounts[i];
        }

        _mintBatch(to, ids, amounts, "");
    }

    function burn(
        address from,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 amount
    ) external {
        require(from == msg.sender || isApprovedForAll(from, msg.sender), "Not authorized");
        _burn(from, id, amount);
        tokenSupply[id] -= amount;
    }
}

Padrões de Metadados

Metadados Off-Chain (IPFS)

{
  "name": "NFT #1",

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