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Misc42k · #4720

competition-jwt-claim-confusion

Lets your agent analyze JWT authentication tokens. It can check validity, understand the contained information, and identify potential security flaws.

What it does

This tool helps understand how a security token (JWT) is verified by a system. It focuses on how the information within the token and the method used to verify its key determine if you are granted access.

When to use it

  • ✓When you want to see the details of a JWT.
  • ✓When you need to understand how a key is selected to verify a token.
  • ✓When you suspect a token might be granting improper access.

Example of what to ask your AI

“Analyze this JWT and tell me how it's validated and what permissions it grants.”

Want more? Open the sections below.

How to use

The easiest way: copy the message below and paste it into Claude, ChatGPT, Cursor or any AI. It reads the skill and follows the instructions.

Skill link

https://github.com/zhaoxuya520/reverse-skill/blob/main/CTF-Sandbox-Orchestrator/competition-jwt-claim-confusion/SKILL.md

Ready-to-paste message

Use this skill to help me: https://github.com/zhaoxuya520/reverse-skill/blob/main/CTF-Sandbox-Orchestrator/competition-jwt-claim-confusion/SKILL.md Read the SKILL.md file at that link and follow its instructions for my task.
How it works

The tool breaks down the token verification process into steps: reading the information (header and claims), finding the correct key, and checking if the permissions described in the token are accepted by the system. It records everything to show the exact path that leads to authorization.

Installation

Easiest way: copy the skill link and paste it into Claude, ChatGPT or Cursor asking it to follow the instructions.

In the terminal (Claude Code, Codex, Cursor), in your project folder:

npx skills add zhaoxuya520/reverse-skill --skill competition-jwt-claim-confusion

Or download just the file:

curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zhaoxuya520/reverse-skill/main/CTF-Sandbox-Orchestrator/competition-jwt-claim-confusion/SKILL.md -o SKILL.md
Technical content (original SKILL.md)

Original text by the author, straight from GitHub.

Competition JWT Claim Confusion

Use this skill only as a downstream specialization after $ctf-sandbox-orchestrator is already active and has established sandbox assumptions, node ownership, and evidence priorities. If that has not happened yet, return to $ctf-sandbox-orchestrator first.

Use this skill when the decisive bug is not just "there is a JWT," but how headers, claims, and key selection turn into accepted identity.

Reply in Simplified Chinese unless the user explicitly requests English.

Quick Start

  1. Split the token path into parse, key lookup, signature or decryption, claim validation, and final acceptance.
  2. Record header fields, claims, key source, issuer, audience, and role mapping before mutating anything.
  3. Separate possession of a token from the exact service that accepts it.
  4. Keep parser behavior, trust policy, and resulting app session or privilege in one chain.
  5. Reproduce the smallest token-to-acceptance flow that proves the decisive confusion.

Workflow

1. Map Header And Key Selection

  • Record header fields such as alg, kid, typ, cty, jku, or embedded key material when present.
  • Note where keys come from: static config, JWKS, local file, cache, or dynamic lookup.
  • Keep token parser, key selection path, and validation mode tied together.

2. Prove Claim-To-Privilege Acceptance

  • Show how subject, audience, issuer, tenant, scope, role, or custom claims become app session, route access, or backend privilege.
  • Record expiration, not-before, clock skew, issuer matching, audience matching, and claim normalization behavior.
  • Distinguish token parse success from actual authorization success.

3. Reduce To The Decisive JWT Path

  • Compress the result to the smallest sequence: token supplied -> parser or key path taken -> claim accepted -> resulting capability.
  • Keep one canonical accepted token path and one mutated token path if confusion or bypass depends on a delta.
  • If the task broadens into a larger OAuth redirect chain, hand back to the tighter OAuth skill.

Read This Reference

  • Load references/jwt-claim-confusion.md for the header checklist, claim checklist, and evidence packaging.

What To Preserve

  • Raw headers, claims, key source, JWKS or local key path, and the accepting service
  • The exact validation or normalization step that turns the token into accepted identity
  • One minimal replayable token-to-acceptance sequence
FAQ

What is a JWT?

JWT stands for JSON Web Token. It's a standard for creating access tokens that securely transmit information between parties.

What are headers and claims in a JWT?

Headers contain metadata about the token, like the signing algorithm. Claims are information about the entity (user) and additional permissions.

What does 'token-to-identity confusion' mean?

It's a type of security vulnerability where the system's interpretation of the token leads to incorrect identification or the granting of unintended privileges.

Details

Original description by the author

Internal downstream skill for ctf-sandbox-orchestrator. CTF-sandbox workflow for JWT, JWS, and JWE validation paths, header parsing, key selection, claim acceptance, audience and issuer checks, role derivation, and token-to-identity confusion bugs. Use when the user asks to inspect JWT headers or claims, key lookup, `kid` handling, `alg` confusion, audience or issuer validation, role claims, or ex

repo: zhaoxuya520/reverse-skill

Popularity

GitHub stars
42k
Ranking position
#4720
License
MIT
Updated
9/22/2026

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