Next.js App Router Patterns

Comprehensive patterns for Next.js 14+ App Router architecture, Server Components, and modern full-stack React development.

When to Use This Skill

• Building new Next.js applications with App Router
• Migrating from Pages Router to App Router
• Implementing Server Components and streaming
• Setting up parallel and intercepting routes
• Optimizing data fetching and caching
• Building full-stack features with Server Actions

Core Concepts

1. Rendering Modes

2. File Conventions

app/
├── layout.tsx       # Shared UI wrapper
├── page.tsx         # Route UI
├── loading.tsx      # Loading UI (Suspense)
├── error.tsx        # Error boundary
├── not-found.tsx    # 404 UI
├── route.ts         # API endpoint
├── template.tsx     # Re-mounted layout
├── default.tsx      # Parallel route fallback
└── opengraph-image.tsx  # OG image generation

Quick Start

// app/layout.tsx
import { Inter } from 'next/font/google'
import { Providers } from './providers'

const inter = Inter({ subsets: ['latin'] })

export const metadata = {
  title: { default: 'My App', template: '%s | My App' },
  description: 'Built with Next.js App Router',
}

export default function RootLayout({
  children,
}: {
  children: React.ReactNode
}) {
  return (
    <html lang="en" suppressHydrationWarning>
      <body className={inter.className}>
        <Providers>{children}</Providers>
      </body>
    </html>
  )
}

// app/page.tsx - Server Component by default
async function getProducts() {
  const res = await fetch('https://api.example.com/products', {
    next: { revalidate: 3600 }, // ISR: revalidate every hour
  })
  return res.json()
}

export default async function HomePage() {
  const products = await getProducts()

  return (
    <main>
      <h1>Products</h1>
      <ProductGrid products={products} />
    </main>
  )
}

Detailed patterns and worked examples

Detailed pattern documentation lives in references/details.md. Read that file when the navigation tier above is insufficient.

Best Practices

Do's

• Start with Server Components - Add 'use client' only when needed
• Colocate data fetching - Fetch data where it's used
• Use Suspense boundaries - Enable streaming for slow data
• Leverage parallel routes - Independent loading states
• Use Server Actions - For mutations with progressive enhancement

Don'ts

• Don't pass serializable data - Server → Client boundary limitations
• Don't use hooks in Server Components - No useState, useEffect
• Don't fetch in Client Components - Use Server Components or React Query
• Don't over-nest layouts - Each layout adds to the component tree
• Don't ignore loading states - Always provide loading.tsx or Suspense