Semgrep Rule Creator

Create production-quality Semgrep rules with proper testing and validation.

When to Use

Ideal scenarios:

• Writing Semgrep rules for specific bug patterns
• Writing rules to detect security vulnerabilities in your codebase
• Writing taint mode rules for data flow vulnerabilities
• Writing rules to enforce coding standards

When NOT to Use

Do NOT use this skill for:

• Running existing Semgrep rulesets
• General static analysis without custom rules (use static-analysis skill)

Rationalizations to Reject

When writing Semgrep rules, reject these common shortcuts:

• "The pattern looks complete" → Still run semgrep --test --config <rule-id>.yaml <rule-id>.<ext> to verify. Untested rules have hidden false positives/negatives.
• "It matches the vulnerable case" → Matching vulnerabilities is half the job. Verify safe cases don't match (false positives break trust).
• "Taint mode is overkill for this" → If data flows from user input to a dangerous sink, taint mode gives better precision than pattern matching.
• "One test is enough" → Include edge cases: different coding styles, sanitized inputs, safe alternatives, and boundary conditions.
• "I'll optimize the patterns first" → Write correct patterns first, optimize after all tests pass. Premature optimization causes regressions.
• "The AST dump is too complex" → The AST reveals exactly how Semgrep sees code. Skipping it leads to patterns that miss syntactic variations.

Anti-Patterns

Too broad - matches everything, useless for detection:

# BAD: Matches any function call
pattern: $FUNC(...)

# GOOD: Specific dangerous function
pattern: eval(...) # security-allowlist: Semgrep sink pattern

Missing safe cases in tests - leads to undetected false positives:

# BAD: Only tests vulnerable case
# ruleid: my-rule
dangerous(user_input)

# GOOD: Include safe cases to verify no false positives
# ruleid: my-rule
dangerous(user_input)

# ok: my-rule
dangerous(sanitize(user_input))

# ok: my-rule
dangerous("hardcoded_safe_value")

Overly specific patterns - misses variations:

# BAD: Only matches exact format
pattern: os.system("rm " + $VAR)

# GOOD: Matches all os.system calls with taint tracking
mode: taint
pattern-sinks:
  - pattern: os.system(...)

Strictness Level

This workflow is strict - do not skip steps:

• Read documentation first: See Documentation before writing Semgrep rules
• Test-first is mandatory: Never write a rule without tests
• 100% test pass is required: "Most tests pass" is not acceptable
• Optimization comes last: Only simplify patterns after all tests pass
• Avoid generic patterns: Rules must be specific, not match broad patterns
• Prioritize taint mode: For data flow vulnerabilities
• One YAML file - one Semgrep rule: Each YAML file must contain only one Semgrep rule; don't combine multiple rules in a single file
• No generic rules: When targeting a specific language for Semgrep rules - avoid generic pattern matching (languages: generic)
• Forbidden todook and todoruleid test annotations: todoruleid: <rule-id> and todook: <rule-id> annotations in tests files for future rule improvements are forbidden

Overview

This skill guides creation of Semgrep rules that detect security vulnerabilities and code patterns. Rules are created iteratively: analyze the problem, write tests first, analyze AST structure, write the rule, iterate until all tests pass, optimize the rule.

Approach selection:

• Taint mode (prioritize): Data flow issues where untrusted input reaches dangerous sinks
• Pattern matching: Simple syntactic patterns without data flow requirements

Why prioritize taint mode? Pattern matching finds syntax but misses context. A pattern eval($X) matches both eval(user_input) (vulnerable) and eval("safe_literal") (safe). Taint mode tracks data flow, so it only alerts when untrusted data actually reaches the sink—dramatically reducing false positives for injection vulnerabilities. <!-- security-allowlist: Semgrep taint-mode explanation -->

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